Basic terminology to explain modern physics (1)

Anthropic Principle

The principle is that the constants of nature is designed to produce biological and intellectual life of the set. Strongman Anthropic Principle concluded that intelligent life is produced through some form of intelligent life on the set of physical constants of the results. Weak Anthropic Principle is just a claim that only through the constants of nature may have the wisdom to set it to life (otherwise there would not be us), but for the reasons set work is done or who are held open.

In the experiment, we found a constant of nature does seem fine after setting, it makes sense to produce biological and even. Some people believe that this is the sign of the Creator of the universe exist. Others believe that this is evidence of the existence of multiple universe.

Goldilocks zone region

To make intelligent life possible narrow band parameters. Earth and the universe just fell within the scope of such a parameter band, so that intelligent life can form a chemical to be produced. The physical constants in the universe and the characteristics of the Earth has been found in dozens of areas that Goldilocks.

Dark matter

This is the invisible substance, it has weight, but does not interact with light. Dark matter in galaxies is usually found in great glow, and it weighs 10 times more than ordinary matter. Dark matter can be detected indirectly because of its gravity to bend starlight, which is curved glass, similar to light. According to recent data, dark matter in the universe all matter / energy component of 23%. According to string theory, dark matter may consist of subatomic particles, such as the temper, which represents the super-string at a high level of vibration.

Antimatter

Contrast it with substance. The existence of antimatter, is the first language of Dirac, which contrast with the ordinary matter of the charge, therefore, anti-protons have a negative charge, while the anti-electrons have positive charge. If they touch each other, they will see each other clear up away. So far, out in the lab produced the most complex anti-anti-hydrogen atoms. Puzzling is why our universe mainly by the material, rather than anti-material composition. If the big bang created the two substances are equal, then they should have been out with each other clear up, and we also do not exist.

Exotic matter

This is a new form of negative energy with the material. It is different with the anti-matter, antimatter has positive energy. Negative material will be anti-gravity, so it will rise up, not down fall. If it exists, then it can be used to drive the time machine. However, this substance has never been found.

Big bang

Refers to the final collapse of the universe. If the matter density is large enough (Omega is greater than 1), then the universe would have enough material to reverse the original expansion process, causing the universe re-collapse. Large collapse moment, the temperature rose to infinity high.

Big freeze

This is the end of the universe, the temperature close to absolute zero. The final state of our universe there may be the big freeze, because it was Omega value and the lambda value and 1.0, the expansion of the universe was in a state. However, there is not enough matter and energy to reverse expansion of the universe, so it may go on expanding forever.

Black hole

Escape velocity and the speed of light equal to that object. As the speed of light is the ultimate speed of the universe, which means that once an object across the event horizon, nothing left on high, could not escape the black hole. Black holes can have a variety of sizes. Galactic black holes weighing millions to billions of solar systems to the quality of stellar black hole is the remains of dying stars, which originally up to 40 times the solar mass. Both black holes have been found by instrument. According to theoretical predictions, mini black holes may exist, but have not seen them in the laboratory.

Doppler effect

Means the object close to you or leave you, the wave frequency changes that occur. If you are closer to the star, the optical frequency increase, so a yellow star hair looks a little blue. If a star away from you, then reduce the frequency of light, so a yellow star appear slightly red. This change in frequency of light can also make the space between two expansion to achieve, as in the expansion of the universe did. By measuring the frequency of mobile content, we can calculate the star's speed away from you.

Functionalism
Functionalist school founder William. James in his highly influential "Principles of Psychology," accused the structuralist that consciousness can not be reduced to the elements, on the contrary, consciousness as a whole work, its purpose is to make the organism to adapt its environment.

James's main point: that the object is a sense of psychological research, psychology is a description and explanation of consciousness, stream of consciousness is a state of thought flow, stream of consciousness and subjective life stream, against the sense of decomposition the basic elements of practice, that this practice could easily undermine the psychological whole, James's point of view of consciousness are: (1) awareness of each individual consciousness is part of; (2) consciousness is constantly changing; (3) Every person can feel a sense of continuity, each person's consciousness is part of stream of consciousness; (4) sense of selectivity. Angel of the main points: that psychology is introspection (subjective observation) and objective observation, particularly fond of introspection, that it is the basic method of psychology. Actively advocate the field of psychological research, including all mental processes and their physiological basis and external behavior, value of psychology in the research, such as educational psychology, industrial psychology and medical psychology.

Dewey's main point: Dewey is also a functionalist school of influential figures, he pointed out that the isolation of an element unit (including one of the SR relationship) is a waste of time, because he ignored the purpose of the act. The objective should be to study psychology, behavior on the significance of adaptation to the environment. Functional psychology major contribution to learning theory is that they were not isolated to study a phenomenon, but of consciousness and the environment. They oppose the doctrine of introspection is not the structure is structuralism of consciousness, but rather it is reduced to the elements reductionism. They do not oppose the study of psychological process, but should insist on these processes and survival.